The cement which is made by the intergrinding of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) clinker with some percent (usually 10 to 25% by mass of PPC) of pozzolanic material is known as Portland Pozzolana Cement. Pozzolanic Material – A pozzolanic material is essentially a siliceous or aluminous compounds, which do not…
Ordinary Portland cement defined as “a product obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by calcining to incipient fusion, an intimate and properly proportion of argillaceous and calcareous materials. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is by far the most important type of cement. Joseph Aspdin took the patent of Portland cement on…
The quantity of water going through various individual paths of the hydrological cycle in a given system can be described by the continuity principle known as Water Budget equation or Hydrologic Equations. The conservation of Mass is the most useful physical principle in hydrologic analysis and is required in almost…
Water occur on the earth and atmosphere in all three states (liquid, gas, solid). There is endless circulation of water between earth and atmosphere. This circulation is called hydrological cycle. This cycle has no beginning or end and its many process occurs simultaneously. This cycle gets its energy from the…
Stress-Strain Curve is a characteristic property of material and does not depend upon dimension of particular specimen used. So Stress-Strain curve is used to study the property of material but not load deflection curve. Tensile test of mild steel in standardized by ASTM (American society of testing and material) and…
Water demand means the requirement of water by any individual or by any sector to fulfill their water needs. It is normally expressed as litres per person per day or LPCD. For the planning of water supply system, estimation of water demand is the key parameter. In India, more than…
Strength of concrete is its resistance against rupture. It is represented by compressive strength expressed in MPa or N Strength may be measured in number of ways, such as strength in compression, in tension, in shear or in flexure. Quality or grade of concrete is designated in terms of a…
Concrete is a composite material composed of mainly cement, aggregate (fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate), and water whereas, workability is a property of concrete that signifies much wider properties and qualities of concrete and doesn’t project any one particular meaning. Workability is a parameter, a mix designer is required to…
Bricks are one of the oldest building materials and are extensively used because of their durability, reliability, strength, low cost, easy availability, etc. in this article, complete brick notes are provided which are very much helpful in all your exams and also for the quick revision. Composition of good red…